Escalation of Armed Conflict Between India and Pakistan: May 2025 Crisis Report
Introduction
In early May 2025, the world’s attention turned once again to South Asia, where India and Pakistan-two nuclear-armed neighbors with a long history of hostility-have entered their most dangerous military confrontation in nearly three decades. Over the past three days, intense fighting has erupted along the western border, with both sides exchanging drone and artillery attacks, launching missile strikes, and accusing each other of targeting civilian populations. The violence, which has already claimed dozens of lives and displaced thousands, is rooted in the unresolved Kashmir conflict and was triggered by a terrorist attack in Indian-administered Kashmir in late April. As the crisis deepens, the risk of a broader conflict looms, with regional and global implications.
